Abelard and Heloise The Legacy of Their Love

Abelard and Heloise are one of the most celebrated couples of all time, known for their love affair and for the tragedy that separated them. In a letter to Abelard, Heloise wrote: You know, beloved, as the whole world knows, how much I have lost in you, how at one wretched stroke of fortune that supreme act of flagrant treachery robbed me of my very self in robbing me of you; and how my sorrow for my loss is nothing compared with what I feel for the manner in which I lost you. Who Abelard and Heloise Were Peter Abelard (1079-1142) was a French philosopher, considered one of the greatest thinkers of the 12th century, though his teachings were controversial, and he was repeatedly charged with heresy. Among his works is Sic et Non, a list of 158 philosophical and theological questions. Heloise (1101-1164) was the niece and pride of Canon Fulbert. She was well-educated by her uncle in Paris. Abelard later writes in his autobiographical Historica Calamitatum: Her uncles love for her was equaled only by his desire that she should have the best education which he could possibly procure for her. Of no mean beauty, she stood out above all by reason of her abundant knowledge of letters. Abelard and Heloises Complicated Relationship Heloise was one of the most well-educated women of her time, as well as a great beauty. Wishing to become acquainted with Heloise, Abelard persuaded Fulbert to allow him to teach Heloise. Using the pretext that his own house was a handicap to his studies, Abelard moved into the house of Heloise and her uncle. Soon enough, despite their age difference, Abelard and Heloise became lovers. But when Fulbert discovered their love, he separated them. As Abelard would later write: Oh, how great was the uncles grief when he learned the truth, and how bitter was the sorrow of the lovers when we were forced to part! Their separation didnt end the affair, and they soon discovered Heloise was pregnant. She left her uncles house when he was not at home, and she stayed with Abelards sister until Astrolabe was born. Abelard asked for Fulberts forgiveness and permission to secretly marry Heloise, to protect his career. Fulbert agreed, but Abelard struggled to persuade Heloise to marry him under such conditions. In Chapter 7 of Historia Calamitatum, Abelard wrote: She, however, most violently disapproved of this, and for two chief reasons: the danger thereof, and the disgrace which it would bring upon me... What penalties, she said, would the world rightly demand of her if she should rob it of so shining a light! When she finally agreed to become Abelards wife, Heloise told him, Then there is no more left but this, that in our doom the sorrow yet to come shall be no less than the love we two have already known. In regard to that statement, Abelard later wrote, in his Historica, Nor in this, as now the whole world knows, did she lack the spirit of prophecy. Secretly married, the couple left Astrolabe with Abelards sister. When Heloise went to stay with the nuns at Argenteuil, her uncle and kinsmen believe Abelard had cast her off, forcing her to become a nun. Fulbert responded by ordering men to castrate him. Abelard wrote about the attack: Violently incensed, they laid a plot against me, and one night while I all unsuspecting was asleep in a secret room in my lodgings, they broke in with the help of one of my servants whom they had bribed. There they had vengeance on me with a most cruel and most shameful punishment, such as astounded the whole world; for they cut off those parts of my body with which I had done that which was the cause of their sorrow. The Legacy of Abelard and Heloise Following the castration, Abelard became a monk and persuaded Heloise to become a nun, which she didnt want to do. They began to correspond, leaving what is known as the four Personal Letters and the three Letters of Direction. The legacy of those letters remains a great topic of discussion among literary scholars. While the two wrote of their love for each other, their relationship was decidedly complicated. Furthermore, Heloise wrote of her dislike of marriage, going so far as to call it prostitution. Many academics refer to her writings as one of the earliest contributions to feminist philosophies. Source Abelard, Peter. Historia Calamitatum. Kindle Edition, Amazon Digital Services LLC, May 16, 2012.

Should Euthanasia Be Legalized - 2086 Words

Research Outcome SACE NO. 931039E Word Count: 1,986 Should euthanasia be legalised? Introduction Euthanasia is â€Å"the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma† (Merriam-Webster, 2014). The concept of euthanasia has led to a prolonged argument as to whether it should or should not be legalised. This essay explores some of the competing arguments before concluding that euthanasia should remain illegal. The first key finding found was for euthanasia as it ends suffering forever. The second was against euthanasia as it challenges the Hippocratic oath. The third was also against euthanasia due to there being no proper regulations for it. Finally, the fourth was again against euthanasia as there are two better alternatives, in which preserve life instead of ending it, being palliative and hospice care. Active and Passive euthanasia There is a fine line between active euthanasia (which is what is legal in these two countries) and another type of euthanasia, passive. Active euthanasia is a deliberate act to cause death whereas Passive euthanasia merely lets the patient die, through either withholding or withdrawing treatments (BBC, 2014). In simple terms, active euthanasia is having a quick and painless death compared to having a long and painful death (passive). In most countries passive euthanasia is used even though it is illegal. Through legalising active euthanasia, it allows a patient to have a painlessShow MoreRelatedShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1360 Words   |  6 PagesAbout 55% of terminally ill patients die in atrocious pain. Euthanasia is a practice that hasn’t been legalized in many places, and is usually performed by lethal injection. In the United States euthanasia is only legalized in Oregon, Washington, Montana, and certain areas of Texas. Some citizens feel that euthanasia should be le galized because they should have the sole right to their life. Others feel that God is the one that has the authority over a person’s life. There have been many cases whereRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?864 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversy over euthanasia. Because there is a sharp conflict on the issue, some countries accept mercy killing lawful while others do not. The main arguments about the issue are whether the deliberate intervention on one’s life to the end is morally right or wrong. Some say euthanasia should be legalized because it is the only way to relieve harsh pain and meet ‘real happiness’ for the patients who are not expected to maintain their lives more. They also argue that people should respect the patients’Read MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?971 Words   |  4 Pages Legalization of euthanasia in China Youyou Zhuang English Language Center, University of Victoria Youyou Zhuang, a student in English language center of University of Victoria. zhuangyoyo@gmail.com Legalization of euthanasia in China The hospital is a place where to cure the sickness and to save the patients. Have you ever thought a kind of â€Å"killing† could happen in the hospital? It is the â€Å"mercy killing†, also called euthanasia. Till now, euthanasia is legal in Netherlands, BelgiumRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1413 Words   |  6 Pagesstatement: euthanasia should be legalized. There exist numerous topics that are controversial within the criminal justice system. Euthanasia, the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relive pain and suffering, is one that has been around for a long time. Many people believe that it should continue being illegal due to certain moral values. However, some people argue that euthanasia should be decriminalized because people should have the right to die when they want to. Euthanasia hasRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?907 Words   |  4 Pagesactive euthanasia, which is a highly contentious issue in the United States. Voluntary active euthanasia is currently illegal in the United States. However, I believe that patients with terminal illnesses experiencing a lot of pain and misery should have the right to die the way they choose, with dignity, instead of being subjected to agony. People should be able to choose voluntary active euthanasia, if ever need be, which is why I believe that despite current policy, voluntary active euthanasia shouldRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1050 Words   |  5 Pagesend quickly, but knew it was not going to happen. If euthanasia and/or assisted suicide was legalized, perhaps his wish could have been true. Unfortunately, euthanasia is only legal in the states of Oregon and Washington at the current time. Euthanasia is considered immoral and wrong for contradicting a doctor’s job. However, it save s families the horrible sight of their loved ones dying, safeguards being up to protect any abuse towards euthanasia, and ultimate choice of being euthanized is upon theRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1272 Words   |  6 Pagesthe natural body is able to heal itself and grow. Not only is it human nature to survive and prosper, it is also instinct to be frightened of death and suffering. Euthanasia has been a topic of debate ever since the Roman and Greek physicians have started to poison terminally ill patients with their consent. Today’s definition of euthanasia is â€Å"the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless wayRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1220 Words   |  5 Pagesincurable patients, it is rarely known that Euthanasia, a termination of one’s life with his/her self-willingness, is a release of permanent pain. On the other hand, it is committed by the doctors. Among Voluntary, non-voluntary and involuntary Euthanasia, only is Voluntary Euthanasia being universally concerned by human beings. Various fascinating facts, Australia has already approved this act and many people from other countries have also committed Euthanasia. Regarding this topic, people have beenRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1210 Words   |  5 Pagesconcerns is dying with dignity and not left to suffer a long and drawn out death. Euthanasia, also known as mercy killing, is a sensitive and very controversial subject. Several people believe, doctors should not participate in any action that ends a person’s life due to the Hippocratic Oath stating that doctors are obligated to save lives. Although, euthanasia is considered to be immoral and even murder, it should be legalized when a person’s quality of life, due to an incurable illness, is gradually goingRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1490 Words   |  6 Pagesj ust like you are in pain. What would you do? Euthanasia is and act where a person assist the death of other person and relieves him/her from pain. It is also called as mercy killing. It is controversial because, some may thing it is immoral and some may think it is against their religious values. But, the fact is, the person who suffers with pain knows the pain better than anybody. It is the person’s decision to make. Euthanasia should be legalized with the involvements of legal documents based

Compare and Contrast Cataract Operation, About his person, Poem Free Essays

Simon Armitage was born in 1963 and lives in West Yorkshire. Simon Armitage has taught at the University of Leeds and the University of Iowa’s Writers’ Workshop, and currently teaches at Manchester Metropolitan University. He writes biographical poems, which are based on things, which he has experienced in his life. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast: Cataract Operation, About his person, Poem or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting three of Simon Armitage’s poems, Cataract Operation, About His Person and Poem. The subject matter in Cataract Operation is about the poet looking out of his window and seeing things in a way he has never seen them before, like pigeons in the yard, washing on a line, and hens pecking for food. This is because a cataract operation clears the lens of his eye’s, which has become unclear, so the poet is affectionate to his new way of seeing things to having had a difficulty in front of his eyes cleared away by surgery. The subject matter is a happier and more enjoyable compared to About His Person. About His Person lists all the items that a dead man had upon him when he was discovered. It reads like a police officer’s report. The following quotations â€Å"an analogue watch, self-winding, stopped†, â€Å"but beheaded in his fist†, and â€Å"a ring of white unweathered skin† all show a sign of a wrecked and finished life. Poem could be similarly compared to the two other poems. The reason being is as it shows signs of affectionate love and signs of tragedy and deceitfulness. Poem is about a husband and a father who has a serious problem with his frame of mind. † And if it snowed and snow covered the drive he took a spade and tossed it to one side, and always tucked his daughter up at night, and slippered her the one time that she lied. This quote shows us that he had a mixed personality and proves sometimes he did this, and sometimes he did that. The language used in Cataract Operation can be very misleading, as the poet creates phrases, which could mean a number of things and is left to the reader to decide. â€Å"A pigeon in the yard turns tail† is an example of the misleading language used because we imagine the bird turning around so that its tail faces the poet in the window, while at the same time we can read turns tail as ‘runs away from’ or ‘turns its back on’, as if it is snubbing the poet. Simon Armitage also uses a mixture of metaphors and personifications so that every item of drying laundry takes on a characteristic movement of the country or place that we might associate that item with. For example, the shirt is doing â€Å"monkey business†, as if the shirtsleeves were the monkey’s arms and the handkerchief waves cheerio as the original type of British man who wears a handkerchief in his chest pocket might do. The poem is laid out in ten couplets, but they are not rhyming couplets as we observe in About His Person. There is no steadiness in the length of the lines, to highlight that everything the poet sees is new and irregular. The language used in About His Person is very similar to the language used in cataract operation. Again the poet uses a number of misleading expressions, like the title itself. It could be a formal way of saying, â€Å"he had on him†, but if you look at it in a different manner then it could also suggest that the poem is about the dead person whom is the subject of the poem. About His Person written in ten two-line stanzas called rhyming couplets. They are short and accurate, just like the notes that a detective might make if he or she was investigating a dead body. The language used in Poem is different compared to the other two poems, as the words are simple. There is no misleading phrases used and the language could be considered as straight forward and formal. â€Å"And every week he tipped up half his wage. And what he didn’t spend each week he saved. And praised his wife for every meal she made. And once, for laughing, punched her in the face. † This language is easy to understand and is uncomplicated compared to About His Person and Cataract Operation. Poem is a sonnet, which is often the figure used for love poetry. Maybe, this highlights the lack of love in the man’s life. It is divided into three regular stanzas with a couplet to finish. This might help to underline the steadiness and ordinariness of the man’s life. The Ideas and attitudes of cataract could be very difficult to understand. We do not know what it was that made the Simon Armitage suddenly see all the objects he talks about in a new manner. Perhaps he did have a cataract operation or maybe he was imagining what it must be like to have one or he could even use the idea of a cataract operation as an image of what it is like to open your eyes. One thing is for sure, that he is trying to explain that we should appreciate our world and see the inner beauty that it possesses. The poet for example saw the images according to his situation and saw the magic in the simplest way and opened his eyes towards it. This cannot be compared to About His person as in this poem a man is being revived within the poem and the poem could be called as a memorial to him. In this poem Simon Armitage creates a misleading story and we are not totally sure of what happened. The police do not get emotionally involved in cases like these, as they gather the bare facts and leave the feeling out, but we sympathise for the man as we believe he was forced to kill himself and we see him as a victim of love and deceit. Poem can in a way be similarly compared to Cataract Operation because it tries to prove a point and produce a moral. The way Simon Armitage tried to make people aware of the beauty of our world in Cataract Operation is similar to the way he tries to make the man in Poem represent the ordinary gentlemen and set a message that sometimes you might do this, and sometimes you might do that. In this poem Simon Armitage does not actually condemn the man for all the things he did wrong; he simply lists the mistakes and leaves us to represent them. Overall I think that About His Person and Poem are similar because they both include the story of a man, whom is involved in marriage and both men have suffered from a problem and in this essay I have fully compared and contrasted all three of Simon Armitage’s poems. How to cite Compare and Contrast: Cataract Operation, About his person, Poem, Papers

Recognition Measurement Of An Impairment â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Recognition Measurement Of Impairment? Answer: Introduction The word impairment in accounting means a permanent decline in the value of certain asset of a company or a business organization. The decline in the price of an asset is a quite normal feature but is a matter of distress for the management of the organization. The valuation of asset is done on periodical basis and it is usually compared with the price mentioned in the book value. Various times it is observed that the book value of the asset increases with time however the life of assets was actually decreasing. In general both the values are taken into consideration and they are written off by the organization and this result in the decline of value of asset in the balance sheet of the company (Henderson, Peirson, Herbohn, and Howieson, 2015). A decline in the asset can be estimated when the required amount cannot be recovered from the same asset, this causes a situation of dilemma for the business organization. In this context, the essay aims to explain the IAS 36 accounting standa rd implemented by IASB for recognizing and measuring the impairment loss arising from individual assets. Objective of the IAS 36 The IAS 36 aids the organization in identifying an asset which is damaged and the substitute ways that can be done to incur fewer losses (IAS 36 Impairment of Assets, 2017). The impairment of fixed assets refers to a decline in its fair value due to any type of damage which has to be recorded in the balance sheet and income statement. The IAS 36 standard has been developed for recognizing the losses that arises due to asset impairment. As the process of declining of an asset is quite normal, it is highly essential for the business entities to adopt IAS 36 standard in order to implement accurate accounting approach to identify and measure such loss. The core idea of IAS36 is that an asset which has declined completely and cannot be used again should not be included in the balance sheet of that company. The asset is declined when its cost is more than the cost which can be gained through selling the same. When an asset is declined, it is situation of loss for a company, but this process is a continuous aspect so most of the companies cannot avoid the same so it became quite important for business organization to adopt certain measures through which the percentage of their losses can be reduced. In this wake IAS36 provides a ray of hope as it aids the business organization in identifying the asset which have chances to be declined and the ways through which business organization can incur less loss (Impairment accounting the basics of IAS 36 Impairment of Assets, 2010). IAS36 assess the assets of the companies and suggest timely sell out of the same so that company can earn something which could be greater form the amount of thei r losses. The key definitions covered under the IAS 36 standard are as follows: Impairment Loss: The amount through which the carrying value of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount Carrying Amount: The recognition amount of an asset in the balance sheet after deducting the deprecation and all the losses arising from its impairment. Recoverable Amount: The difference in amount between the fair value of an asset and its disposal costs. Fair Value: The price realized for an asset sale or given for a liability transfer in an ordered transaction between the participants in the market on the date of measurement Value in Use: The net value of potential cash inflows that is likely to be generated from an asset The concept of IAS36 has become quite popular as it implies to all kinds of assets. IAS36 is implied to all the assets which operate in groups or individually. IAS36 concept suggests proper management and analysis of all the assets on periodical basis in order to gain a proper and accurate idea about their impairment. This aids the business organization in planning future course of action through assessing its recoverable amount in advance (Saracino, 2007). IAS36 in Organization for recognizing and measuring impairment loss The IASB has mandated the business entities to implement IAS 36 standard for determining the recoverable amount from an impaired asset. The standard has been in use since 1999 in the business entities for ensuring that entity assets are not measured at the value that is larger than its recoverable amount. It is important to note that IAS36 can be applied to various kinds of organization but especially it has been used by the firms which have been listed in the stock exchange. In addition to this, it can also be applied to the firms which maintain their books and balance sheet properly (Alexander and Archer, 2008). IAS36 uses a wide spectrum of information and sources to assess the assets of an organization. Asset management is an important aspect in any organization and it cannot be ignored, so organization carries assessment of their assets on regular basis, but as the fixed assets of organization have a fixed age of operating, and they will be decline at certain point of time so the implementation of IAS36 becomes important (International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 2014, 2014). IAS36 aids the organization in deciding when the asset can be sold off so that organization can incur less loss. The decline in the market value of the asset, certain negative changes in the market trend and sudden increase in the market interest rates are certain ways though which organization can conclude that their asset has started to decline. The value of an asset which is in use is assessed through its expected cash flows in its current condition. The loss occurred through the decline of the asset can be determined immediately by the organization in profit or loss manner. When it comes to unit which is generating cash, then in this situation, the goodwill will be the first in which symptoms of decline will be seen (Dagwell, Wines and Lambert, 2015). The other assets will decline thereafter. The loss in goodwill caused due to decline in the asset is irreversible. While in other aspects it can be reversed immediately. In case of reversal, there is sudden rise in the carrying cost but not above the amount that can be occurred through the decline in the asset. The decline in the value and age of an asset is a continuous and natural process which cannot be avoided. Every organization faces the same problem of decline in asset which also shows loss in their balance sheet. This directly and indirectly has a bad impact on the goodwill of the organization (Kolitz, Quinn and McAllister, 2009). The adoption of IAS36 standard helps the firms to assess their asset and assessing their recoverable amount in advance for minimizing the impairment losses arising from them in the coming period of time. According to the information given in accounting standard related to the impairment of assets, impairment of loss is calculated using the following formula: Impairment Loss for any Asset: Carrying amount of particular asset less Value in Use There are defined manner to calculate the value in use. In the recent case of CGU (Fine China) of Gali Limited the Value in use has been given. Therefore the impairment loss can be calculated as Carrying value of total assets in CGU less value in less of total assets in CGU. Here the value in use is give as $23000 and carrying value come out to be $26000. After simple calculation the impairment loss comes to be $3000. The above calculated impairment loss has to be allocated to each asset on the pro rata basis of their carrying value of assets. The assets of the CGU also consists of goodwill that has to first allocated full and after that other assets has been allocated using their carrying value of assets. In question the value of total assets also includes inventory that has not to be included for impairment loss as it is current asset which is measured at fair market value or cost whichever is less (Impairment of Assets, 2007). In the below table impairment loss is divided to goodwill first and remaining impairment loss has been divided on pro rata basis to plant, equipment and fittings. Adjustment carrying amount has been calculated which will be again check for impairment so that assets are shown at their fair value on the recoding date (Impairment of Assets, 2007). Assets Carrying Amount Pro Rata Impairment Loss Adj. CA Goodwill 1000 1000 0 Plant 17000 17/24*2000 1416.67 15583.33 Equipment 4000 4/24*2000 333.33 3666.67 Fittings 3000 3/24*2000 250.00 2750.00 24000 3000 22000 The above table calculates the adjusted carrying value of each fixed assets. Now it has to be test again for any change due to the fair value of any asset. In this question fair market value of plant is given as $16292.00 that is more than its adjusted carrying value. So to record the plant at fair market value less disposal and also to divide complete impairment loss it is essential to reallocate the impairment loss to remaining assets like equipments and fittings to calculate the new adjusted carrying value. The remaining impairment loss left after adjusting the carrying value of plant is $16292-$15583.33 = $708.67. The new adjusted carrying value of all the assets fixed assets are calculated in below table (Impairment of Assets, 2007). Assets Carrying Amount Pro Rata Impairment Loss Adj. CA Plant 16292.00 Equipment 3666.67 3666.67/6416.67 *708.67 404.95 3261.71 Fittings 2750.00 2750/6416.67 * 708.67 303.71 2446.29 6416.67 708.67 22000.00 Calculation of total Impairment Assets Carrying Amount Impairment Loss Adj. CA Goodwill $ 1,000.00 $ 1,000.00 $ - Plant $ 17,000.00 $ 708.00 $ 16,292.00 Equipment $ 4,000.00 $ 738.29 $ 3,261.71 Fittings $ 3,000.00 $ 553.71 $ 2,446.29 $ 25,000.00 $ 22,000.00 Journal Entries to record the above impairment loss to each asset is given below: Impairment of Assets (Loss) Account Dr $ 3000.00 To Accumulated Goodwill Account 0 To Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment Loss plant account $16292.00 To Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment Loss equipment account $3261.71 To Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment Loss fittings account $2446.29 References Henderson, S., Peirson, G, Herbohn, K and Howieson, B. 2015. Issues in Financial Accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. IAS 36 Impairment of Assets. 2017. [Online] Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/list-of-standards/ias-36-impairment-of-assets/ Impairment accounting the basics of IAS 36 Impairment of Assets. 2010. [Online] Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Impairment_accounting_the_basics_of_IAS_36_Impairment_of_Assets/$FILE/Impairment_accounting_IAS_36.pdf Saracino, P. 2007. Cash accounting system according to IAS/IFRS. Giuffr Editore. Alexander, D. and Archer, S. 2008. International Accounting/Financial Reporting Standards Guide 2009. CCH. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 2014. 2014. John Wiley Sons. Dagwell, R, Wines, G. and Lambert, C. 2015. Corporate Accounting in Australia. Pearson. Kolitz, D.L., Quinn, A.B. and McAllister, G. 2009. Concepts-Based Introduction to Financial Accounting. Juta and Company Ltd. Impairment of Assets. 2007. Compiled Accounting Standard. [Online]. Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB136_07-04_COMPapr07_07-07.pdf [Accessed on: 5 September, 2017].